California Commercial Learner's Permit & CDL Preparation California CDL Commercial Handbook
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Tank Vehicles

Surge, outage, bulkheads, baffled and unbaffled tanks, smooth bore, high center of gravity, and liquid control.

Surge changes braking and steering

Liquid continues moving after the vehicle changes speed or direction.

Tank design changes the hazard

Bulkheads and baffles reduce some movement; smooth-bore tanks do not.

Slow before curves

High center of gravity and side surge make late braking dangerous.

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